Violation Of Code Of Ethics Construction Essay

Violation Of Code Of morals Construction EssayKuala Lumpur ticker mobilise Road 2 r placee 28 was built by Malayan humans whole kit and caboodle Department to connect neighborhoods near the boundary of Kuala Lumpur. The total highway system consists of Federal Route 28, from Sri Damansara to Sunway Interchange and from Sunway Interchange to Sri Petaling Interchange. MRR2 is in the main referred to Route 28 since Route 28 occupies about two-thirds of the system. Construction on this ring road would divided on 3 phase. These sections include Kepong-Gombak, Gombak-Ampang and Ampang-Sri Petaling. The funk period is 36 months and was completed in 34 months (May 1999 to March 2002).CONTROVERSAL exposeFirst clo surelyThe Kepong overpass was report to be faulty be draw 31 of 33 pillars musical accompaniment the fly-by were reported to perplex obvious violates. Public concern about the safety electrical outlets at Kepong overpass was c solelyable to the risks confront by at least 4,300 motorists using the fly-by at a time. Investigations were held by the giving medication and as a go, Kepong Flyover was unlikeable to craft and thenInitial findings by PWD suggested that the temporary hoisting crane mounted on the permanent RC structural quayages to launch the precast beams to the bridge decks could abide exerted compress on the concrete crossbeams and ca drilld the cracks. It is found that the structure at the 11th softw be system of the MRR II was found to be unstable because of the strain and ca apply the beams to split at tether sections. The PWD, which carried out its own probe, revealed that the MRR IIs Kepong Bridge, was non stable due to informal redistribution of forces and bowdlerisenative load paths due to yielding of reward caused by prodigal hot temperature in that location was no homogenous drying, extern onlyy and internally, because of distinctial (uneven) drying of concrete.British Halcrow Consultancy Ltd said the crac ks that commence appeargond on 31 of the 32 crossbeams since 2000 nonhing to do with the intent. Halcrow has found a rare phenomenonthe expansion of a chemic compound, ettringite, had caused serious cracks. The compound contains calcium, aluminium, oxygen, sulphate, and weewee. Halcrow recommended to JKR to waterproof the bridge immediately, so that the delayed ettringite make-up (DEF) would non top in further cracks. Ettringite is found in cement. Usually, it does no harm. But, under(a) rare conditions such as during concrete hardening, temperature reaching over 70 degree Centigrade in the nominal head of sulphate and plenty of water, ettringite is formed, expanding dangerously. If all the cracks are not waterproofed, more than water seeps into them, aggravating the situation.The Sun Dailyreported that the MRR2 cracks due to design shortcoming and improper anchorage ground of crossbeams that was supposed to be the verdict of Halcrow. The design in any case did not in dicate the proper anchorage of the beams and the columns. Halcrows report was prepared by its bridge engineering director Roger J.Buckby and submitted to the plant life Ministry. The main cause of excessive fling in the crosshead to the T-shaped pier is a wishing in the design and the anchorage of the columns reinforced into the crosshead. in that respect is also a deficiency in the design of the transverse reinforcement in the top of the crossheads to resist splitting forces between bearings. The horizontal ginger nut in the crosshead directly above the columns is a direct result of the inadequate anchorage of the column bars into the crosshead.Second closureOn 4 February 2006, the Kepong Flyover was closed to occupation from 1030 a.m. later serious damages on the overpass was confirmed. Traffic jam also has rose due to the incompletion of the MRR2 on 8 December 2006 the Kepong Flyover was reopened to all dealing.Third closureOn 3 awful 2008, Kepong flypast was closed t o all traffic after three of the cardinal carbon role panels on pillar 28 had peeled finish off. Pillar 28 is where the German consultant Leonhardt Andr und Partner (LAP) did the repair whole kit as a model for Malaysian contr operationor to note.ACCIDENT ANALYSISViolation of Code of morals dent II (2)(a) Engineers shall under collide with assignments only when qualified by cultivation or experience in the specific expert fields involved.The Kepong Flyover was reported to be faulty because 31 of 33 pillars supporting the overpass were reported to have obvious cracks. The engineers and contractors were responsible in this case. The main cause of excessive cracking in the crosshead to the T-shaped pier is a deficiency in the design and the anchorage of the columns reinforced in the crosshead. There is also a deficiency in the design of the transverse reinforcement in the top of the crosshead to resist splitting forces between bearings. The horizontal cracking in the crosshe ad directly above the columns is a direct result of the inadequate anchorage of the column bars into the crosshead. sectionalization II(1)(a)- If engineers judgment is overruled under circumstances that let out life or property, they shall notify their employer or lymph node and such opposite assurance as whitethorn be appropriate.In this case, commonplace concern about the safety issues at Kepong flyover was due to the risks faced by at least 4,300 motorists using the flyover at a time. Despite numerous repairs and much of taxpayers money spent, population are questioning the safety and condition of the bridge despite the assurances by the relevant political science. Users or clients were deprived of usage of the bridge causing them to use other congested roads, waking up early to travel and returning cornerstone late, using more petrol and diesel, more time wasted on roads and making users more tired. The cost here is political cost. sectionalization II (3)(b) Engineers ma y express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon association of the facts and competence in the subject matter.According to British Halcrow Consultancy Ltd that has sought the servicing of Glascow University, ettringite is found in cement. Usually, it does not harm. But, under rare conditions such as during concrete hardening, temperature reaching over 70 degree Centigrade in the presence of sulphate and plenty of water, ettringite is formed, expanding dangerously. If all the cracks are not waterproofed, more water seeps into them, aggravating the situation.Section II (3)(a) Engineers shall be objective and truthful in maestro reports, biddings, or testimony. They shall include all relevant and pertinent instruction in such reports, statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was afoot(predicate).Works Minister Datuk S.Samy Vellu imposed a gag order on his officers give tongue to that he alone will handle any queries on the Middle Ring Ro ad 2 (MRR2) Kepong flyover repairs. But he was averse to answer question on the flyover which had been closed for repairs to cracks on 30 pillars which had attracted the Anti-Corruption Agencys attention.Prevention Safety GuidanceThe engineering society codes of ethics, NSPE (National Society of master Engineers) has provided guidance in handling or preventing the event from happening, as discussed below.Section iii (9)(e) Engineers shall continue their professional development throughout their careers and should keep current in their specialty fields by engaging in professional practice, participating in continuing education courses, reading in the technical literature and attending meeting and seminars.Based on a statement by the Public Work Departments consultant, Kohler Seitz, they have indicated that faulty design had caused the pillars of MRR2 flyover to crack. This means that the crack might be caused by faulty design by the engineers. Referring to the code of ethic ab ove, the MRR2 engineers should be up to dated towards the modish design. The word of faulty design should have not occurred at all because the MRR2 is cost up to RM 238.8 million. So, the MRR2 design engineers should purify their design skill so that their design will not have serious problem in the future.Section III (1)(a) Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the facts.The engineers shall accept the truth regarding their faulty work on the MRR2. Consultant Company, Kohler Seitz have indicated that faulty design had caused the pillars of MRR2 flyover to crack. In this case, they with the help of government were denying that statement. Then, government had to appoint British Halcrow Consultancy Ltd to study the cracks that have appeared on 31 of the 32 crossbeams since 2000. This was a huge waste of money and times. They should be responsible if the cracks occurred is because of their mistakes.Section II (1) Engineer shall hold paramount the s afety, health, and welfare of the public.In calculative and eddy process of MRR2, the engineers should hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public. They must heed the standard approved by the authorities in choosing the material used. This is because, if they use cheap and low quality materials to gain maximum profit, they might endanger public that will use the highway in the future.Section III (1) (f) Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and, when relevant, also to public authorities, and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required.For the sake of publics safety, health and welfare, engineers should do whistle blowing. Whistle blowing is an act by an employee of informing the public or higher management of unethical or illegal behavior by an employer or supervisor. In MRR2 case, if they have qualified all the 4 conditio ns to do whistle blowing, they are compel to do this. It is acceptable to blow the whistle to protect the public interest. cracking THEORIES PROBLEM SOLVING TECHNIQUEUtilitarianismdefinition of utilitarianism is balance between good and bad consequences of an actionThe good thing is MRR2 brought travel within light-colored reachThe bad thing is the controversial Issues.Right EthicsDefinition of right ethics is the people have the fundamental rights that other people have a duty to respectThe right to use the flyover safelyDo not want to keep stuck in traffic jam as a result from the closure of the MRR2Do not want to see the few well-connected companies or individuals profit at the public expenseDuty EthicsDefinition of duty ethics is people have duties to protect the rights of othersFidelity the duty to keep promisesContractors and engineers have failed to design and pee the flyover in compliance with the contract judge the duty to recognize merit work minister does not take a ny action against the irresponsible contractors and consultantBeneficence the duty to improve the conditionsRepairs cost RM40 mil to RM70milCause by improper planning and curt cost estimation and poor administrative of the Work MinisterThis expenses could be reduced if he appointed a reliable contractor to build the flyoverVirtue EthicsIrresponsibilityEngineers did not fully manage the projectMinister did not give explanation of the RM70 million heightNo actions taken towards original contractorsDishonestlyDenied cracks were due to design shiftDid not build according to right specifications and designsCase Analysis trouble SolvingFactual issueFor the first closure, 31 of 33 pillars supporting the flyover were reported to have obvious cracks.At some pillars and tiers, there were more than 7000 cracks detectedInvestigations were carried out by 4 different parties, to wit Maunsell, Sharma Zakaria (the designer), Khler Seitz Engineering Services (appointed by the contractor), Halcrow Consultants Ltd. (appointed by JKR) andLeondhardt Andr und Partner (LAP)Kepong Flyover was closed to traffic and then reopened with only 4 out of 6 lanesWorks Minister reminded the public that the cracks were not due to design flawHalcrow Consultants Ltd. suggested the design did not comply with the requirement of BS5400, the improper anchoring of the column rebar to the crossbeams and the formation of ettringite(Delayed Ettringite Formation were responsible for the cracksEttringite is found in cement, the expansion of a chemical compound, had caused serious cracksFor the second closure 4 February 2006, the Kepong Flyover was closed to traffic from 1030 am after serious damages on the flyoverand reopened on December 8, 2006.For the third closure, on 3 August 2008, Kepong flyover was closed to all traffic after three of the eighteen carbon fibre panels on pillar 28 had peeled offPillar 28 is where the German consultant Leonhardt Andr und Partner (LAP) did the repair works as a sample for Malaysian contractor to follow.Conceptual issueThe crack on the pillars that support the flyover resulting the MRR2 cannot be opened for traffic and huge jam was occurred.Although investigation had been carried out, the crack on the pillar calm down occur.Based on the investigation, main problem is because of the MRR2 design did not follow the BS5400 requirement.Moral issueThe mishap make us to be more aware of the safety of people that used the flyoverDesigner of the MRR2 ineffective to make a design that follow the specification of flyover that leads to crack on the pillars.The lack of communication skills between the team makes the accident reiterate and cannot be fixed faster.Government should find the company that are assailable enough to build the bridge and make troubleshooting properly.To find a answer for the case, the flow charting technique is used because it is easy to understand and it is able to study the chain of event happens by following the step -by-step approach.Fig. 2 flow sheet for MRR2 accidentFrom the flowchart drawn, it is obvious that problem occurs because of the design and material used did not follow the specification. Although there were teams that assemble to investigate the problem, they cannot find the select solution on how the problem occurs. Different teams come out with different problem and solution. To prevent it from happening again, designer should follow the rules and make sure material used are correctly pickedWhat Should Have Done by People Involved?All the people involved in the accident should have done differently in avoiding the accident from happen to the flyover, as described belowEngineers Design Engineer should have designed the flyover intelligently and professionally to avoid design flaws. Besides, the engineers should have tested the flyover for its lifespan and might to support the busy traffic so that the flyover can function without cracking.Management Should have monitored the wh ole project by itself to ensure everything is done accordingly and no design flaws should occur. The quality of the flyover should have been examined by the management team.Government Should have assigned the construction project to reliable constructor so that the extra millions of ringgit will not be spent to repair the flyover. After the incident happened, the Ministry should inform the public about the causes of the cracked pillars and admit the mistakes done by the ministry.Local authority should put more concern on the project by supervise the construction and getting report of the construction progress from time to time. In addition, local government/authority should have evaluated the whole project and the contractors capability before approving the project.IV.CONCLUSIONAll in all, huge sum of public tax-payers money, amounting to a few hundred million ringgit, were used to carry out all these repairs. There were talks of litigation, but somehow, as time went by, things honourable fizzled out. Even though this major bridge was closed to the public three times, and millions of public ringgit had been spent on repair work, yet there was no public enquiry in order to find out as to what had actually gone wrong, so that everyone including civil and structural engineers could learn from the mistakes. In closing, this bridge is still being carefully monitored by the Malaysian government.V.REFERENCESMaverick, SM., get off Report Middle Ring Road 2, February 2006Maverick, SM., Risk, Health Safety, February 2006Charles B. Fleddermann., Engineering Ethics (3rd Edition), Pearson Practice Hall , University of New Mexico, 2008Main Portal for Kementerian Kerja RayaFuel prices belike to drop The Star Online August 4, 2008 MondayNew Straits Times,2006,MRR2 Cracks, 3rd Jan, MalaysiaBerita Harian,2006,PM MRR2 ditutup lindungi keselamtan pengguna, fifth Mac, MalaysiaIsmail E,2006.Seminar Paper Industrialization of Malaysian Construction