Impact Of Social Media On Samsung Literature review

Impact Of Social Media On Samsung - Literature review ExampleThis assume leave alone try to uncover the impact of fond media on Samsung. In other words, the study will try to reveal how Samsung gets benefitted from social media. Now before getting into deeper a brief overview of Samsung is presented below.Samsung has its roots buttocks to 70 years when the participation was founded by Lee Byung-chill in the Daegu city in the year 1938 (Samsung, n.d.). It started as a small trading company with only forty employees, but with the passage, the company went on to move one of the largest companies in the world. Presently the company is involved in manufacturing and selling consumer electronic goods. The product portfolio of the company include mobiles, laptops, television, air condition, home theatre, microwave oven, camera, refrigerator, and washing machine among numerous others (Yahoo Finance, 2012). The company also has a substantial amount of presence in the social world, which allows them to remain connected with the customers 24*7.According to Qualman (2010), social media on a global platform and enables the world to remain connected. From the business perspective, social media has actually changed the agency business has been done. The author also stated that social media helps a company to save its promotional time, nervous strain and cost thereby making it more productive.Along the same line, Sterne (2010) stated that social media is a win booster, as it lowers the cost drastically. This allows the companies to sell their products at a lower price and can offer economic value to the customers. Hence, indirectly it helps to satisfy the customers of the company.Noor Al-Deen and Hendricks (2011) in their study found that social media such as Myspace, Facebook, Twitter, Orkut and YouTube among others are growing at an incredible rate. Moreover, the adoption rate of the companies is also high.

The role of temporary works in civil Engineering Construction Assignment

The role of temporary works in civil Engineering Construction - naming ExampleFor example when setting up a scaffold it is advisable that your scaffold is stick outed by the launch but if that is not possible one potentiometer make it to hang above the desktop or water using the hanging scaffold (Webster 1997). A good scaffold should also be able to have a safety mechanism in order to avoid injuries in pillow slip the scaffold fails thus in constructing a tie one can chose to attach himself to the couplet to be safe incase the scaffold is failing. Formwork In his contribution Blackledge (1977) refers to formwork as the mental process that bear ons the addition of base solid and also the addition of concrete that is in retaining wall so that they can be use as slabs during the formulation of a bridge circuit. Formwork is very essential since it helps to make the concrete last for long due to the occurrence that it makes it strong (Blackledge 1977). The strength property of formwork guarantees the much needed support that is needed in social organization of the bridge. Formworks is used by making that needed shape using steel or aluminum so that the concrete is then poured into it so that a desired shape is produced. This is then allowed to harden. When its all dry the fabrications be removed and the formwork remains in place in that desired shape. Formwork is used to guarantees the strong support for the bridge during construction which always has to remain strong to avoid collapse (Blackledge 1977). Falsework In his book Webster (1997) talks of falsework as a term that is used to refer to the activity of supporting arches and spans in the process of constructing a bridge by using temporary support structures. This is a very essential practice in construction of bridges since it helps support the bridges from below in order to ensure that the bridges do not collapse as the construction is still continuing and can also be used to take a leak a st rong work base for the workers during the process of constructing a bridge. This always has to remain intact to the construction until that time when the bridge can self support itself without collapsing which in the long run helps to keep the bridge in position (Webster 1997). Temporary Support of Excavation During construction of a bridge it might involve excavating various sections of the work site so as to achieve a certain level of quilt during the construction of bridge (Hummell 2011). For example during construction when the building is to start like two stories below the ground then excavation will have to be done in order to achieve this. in any case good to notice is that sometime exaction is done for example when gravel is need for construction so that it is turn over from a place. After excavation its a good practice to always support the excavations in order to avoid collapse of the walls during construction according to Hummell (2011). There are two types of excavat ion that can be used in supporting an excavation walls this can either be flexible support or rigid excavation support. When one uses Flexible support then it would take sheet pilling, soldier pile and lagging walls. On the other hand rigid support entails slurry walls, secant piles or even tangent pile (Hummell 2011). Construction Dewatering In his deep insight on dewatering Hummell (2011) talks of this process as a way that is used to achieve a certain degree of ease at the work site by ensuring that the water that may cause difficulty during the

Aristotle and Plato on Realism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Aristotle and Plato on Realism - Essay frameworkWhen Aristotle and Plato be contrasted, it becomes clear that their efforts were largely responsible for the inclusion of metaphysical inquiry into Western philosophical thought. both(prenominal) philosophers provided highly differing views on humankind and the way it could be conceptualised but this does not serve to indicate that their views were in all opposed to each other(a). Instead, there are fine lines where both Plato and Aristotle draw to agree and other areas where they tend to disagree. This paper will explore areas where both philosophers tend to agree on the domain of realism. Plato held that the net reality behind an object glass were notions or concepts of that object. He argued that things in the physical world are merely kidnap representations of various kinds of universal concepts. It could be argued that Plato thought that in order to chthonicstand reality it was necessary to ascend the world of various i deas. This method of interpreting reality has been labelled as Platonic realism where ideas are given greater preference to the physical object in ruder to perceive reality. Plato also holds that the true temper of reality revolves around the idea that abstract universals create the physical reality. However, there are limitations on perceiving these universals because in effect these universals have no spatial or temporal characteristics that could be realised or tested. In his treatise on the issue, Plato has argued that all physical objects have some kind of a universal form. These universal forms hold up outside the realm of these objects but one dropnot perceive these universals. The object in question can be physically observed such as by visual observation and this could be enhanced by studying the object in detail to form concepts about it. This would in turn allow the object under scrutiny to develop a physical reality based on concepts and notions of universals that sup port its existence. In order to support the ideas behind and the existence of universals Plato rested his argument on a few other elements. These elements included the principles of self-predication, one over many and non-self partaking. When these ideas are put together, they tend to culminate into a greater understanding of Platonic realism. Furthermore, these ideas tend to serve as the bedrock and foundation for Platonic world of forms and in effect for Platos conception on reality (Bakalis). When Aristotles ideas on reality are considered, it can be said that his conception of reality differed from that of Plato but not very significantly. Aristotles conception of ultimate reality is not as highly differentiated from Platos realism as is often project in texts. The bedrock of Aristotles ultimate reality is based on instantiated universals while the basis for Platos realism is un-instantiated universals. Much like Plato, Aristotle held that the universal form of any physical obje ct is not outback(a) from the object itself. Instead this kind of existence is used as predication for the existence of the object under question. In addition, Aristotle also held that the form of the object under question did not exist in a separate mystical world held by Plato but instead it existed within the existence of that object itself (Jackson). The Platonic world of forms is where Plato believed the form of an object to exist. However, Aristotle held t

Is information society the consequence of a revolutionary change from Essay

Is information society the consequence of a rotatory change from previous social relations or has there just been gradual evolution - adjudicate ExampleAn information society would be meaningless if it is following a set agenda. This could be a politically backed agenda or could derive its motivation from a number of different areas, to the highest degree of which remain within the state itself. The society has a very pertinent role to play as far as the information spreading regimes are concerned. If the society is nave and does not actually acknowledge what this information would do towards their own lives, it would be safe to state that such an information society is share the cause of absolutely no one. Propagation of political thought within an information society would be equivalent to meeting an objective or a goal which is intended and hence motivated in such a manner that it changes the perceptions of the people. Following an agenda within an information society is ther efore fill up with different dispositions, all of which have an important role at understanding the dictum of bringing in a social change, one that is either of a short-term nature or meant to bring a long run progression. Then there is the important discussion of political tilts getting shifted through the internalization of media outlets and under such aegis, an information society would only work best towards providing that competitive advantage that has been envisaged.

Paraphrase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Paraphrase - Essay ExampleBad academic problems and financial problems are another(prenominal) signs (Donatelle).One addictive behaviour is excessive use of technology. People have become increasingly parasitical on such gadgets as iPads and phones that provide them with better access to online information. Donatelle suggests that people addicted to technology stub be identified by certain behaviors they exhibit including lack of sleep, lack of fulfilment of responsibilities toward their friends and family, excitement bandage using technology, bad performance, problems in family, social exclusion, and financial problems. medicate abuse is about consuming censor substances. Despite their legal authorization, drugs are misused. It is noteworthy that drug abuse is done for particular reasons and is not a deliberate action. Disproportionate or unnecessary use of drugs is described as drug abuse (Donatelle). Drug abuse mostly happens when the individual gets addicted to it. Drug misu se mainly shells its abuse. Drug abuse has long-term effects whereas drug misuse has mostly short-term effects.Alcohols effect on clay and health can be categorized into short and long-term effects. Examples of short-term effects are break up sleep, headache, vomiting, problematic breathing, inaudible vocalization, and deteriorated memory. Examples of long-term effects include illnesses related to alcohol interchangeable liver disease, pharynx cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, oesophagus cancer. Other effects include brain and nerve damage, social problems, intimate problems, and poor performance (Donatelle).Smoking also causes several short-term and long-term effects just like any other substance that is abused. Cigarettes contain nicotine which is very addictive. Tar and carbon monoxide present in the cigarettes cause lungs cancer and mouth cancer. This is smokings main long-term effect. Other effects experienced

Entrepreneurship and Export Entrepreneurship Essay

Entrepreneurship and exporting Entrepreneurship - Essay ExampleThis report seeks to clarify those chances and give an understanding of what an Export Entrepreneur must do , different from an Entrepreneur.The Entrepreneur is some one who communicates risks and makes maximum usage of real resources and also seeks to maximize attain. An Export Entrepreneur shares the same qualities except the risk is a make do high and the profit potential is also higher.A depleted or medium enterprise faces a lot of obstacles because of its limited resources and size. However there are additional issues which are faced by exporting SMEs . They unremarkably cannot afford an extensive international presence in the country they are exporting. Nor is it feasible for them to deal with all-inclusive regulations in the country they are exporting to.This report draws on perspectives from entrepreneurship, exporting, and contingency literatures to examine the export behavior of small firms. It explor es, in particular, the effect of entrepreneurial orientation and external environmental moderators in the export jeopardy creation process of small firms. It is obvious that entrepreneurial orientation is associated with better export venturing, and is the appropriate for small firms operating in hostile environments of a exotic Countrys Market. It would appear, also, that this orientation is associated with certain decision-maker characteristics including international orientation and contacts and previous(prenominal) business experience and firm-level competencies.i What is the difference between an entrepreneur and an export entrepreneur Both seek profit from opportunities and taking appropriate amount of risk. The risk in Export Entrepreneurship is that when imperfectly-informed entrepreneurssearch for profitable export opportunities the risk increases by many multiples. Uncertainty can be about production costs, or about foreign demand, The point is that starting to export a product is an entrepreneurial gamble that may fail, leading to cursory export spells. The shorter those spells, the more discoveries or new products there should be, as new entrepreneurs try again a few months or years later, incurring the sunk cost of reaching foreign markets anew. Entrepreneurs generally take a lot of risks. A Entrepreneur running a SME, has to make sure that he is healthy funded to buy stock and pay for overhead and employee salaries. The entrepreneur also needs to know he forget be able to

Personality is built on biology- Discuss Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personality is built on biology- Discuss - try out ExampleThis paper discusses the role of stimulation of cerebral cortex in the openness of an individual to the society. Theorists squander maintained the opinion that ones biology influences ones personality. According to Hans Eysenck, biology is the major determinant of an individuals personality. Eysencks theory has invited a lot of debate conventionally, though he is frequently referred to in discussions of personality development. To say that personality is determined by biology fundamentally is a way of emphasizing upon the role of neurotransmitters, hormones, and genes in an individuals behavior. Eysenck said that human brain regulates itself. in that respect is an important role of stimulation of the cerebral cortex in determining the level to which an individual is sociable or reserved. Under-stimulation of the cerebral cortex arises the need to gain stimulus from the environment. Accordingly, the individual becomes an e xtrovert. On the other hand, over-stimulation of the cerebral cortex suppresses an individuals tendency to gain outside stimulation. This makes an individual introvert. In light of these facts, it loafer be said that human biology plays an important role in shaping the personality, though it is not the only factor which influences the personality. Personality is actually an outcome of both nature and nurture. This paper has discussed the natures role in developing the personality.

International Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

International Management - Essay role modelInternational ManagementThe centrality of leadinghip is essential in managing a company or unit breakdown holistically. Leadership styles are defined as those that provide motivation and direction in order to check the approach and manner of influencing plans. To this shutdown, leadership styles are classified as free reign, democratic or autocratic. By wageing different leadership styles, individual productivity can be affected by his or her performance. A democratic leadership style employs inclusivity during the conclusiveness making butt on. However, it is paramount to note that the leader has the final decision pertaining to a cause of action. On the other hand, an autocratic leadership style is whereby the leader mandates responsibilities to employees without asking advice from pursual or employees. A leadership style that employs free reign is whereby the leader mandates the decision making process to employees as well as d elegating a number of activities and tasks for them to handle. It is pertinent to note that it is commendable to employ the same leadership styles in all EU countries. Evidently, execution of leadership styles by team fellow members leads to twain negative and positive effects to the persons concerned. Positive leaders employ the use of rewards in motivating a person. These include using education and independence as motivational reward to the citizenry. On the other hand, leaders who are negative in approach are mostly domineering and superior in nature. The honorable of worker and productivity is normally adversely affected by the wrongful use of negative leadership. To this end the EU countries consist of 27 states that are driven by economic and political motivation. Moreover, the member countries be possessed of a myriad of norms and cultures that vary from region to region. Furthermore, the countries possess a variety of languages, religions, histories and systems of educa tion. There equally last divergent forms of leadership among the member countries. For example, French leaders are renowned for their autocratic style of leadership while Germans are well known or their assertive nature in leadership. Moreover, matters and issues pertaining to homo rights human relations and rights are normally divergent from one country to the other. Consequently, a solution to such differences lies in the embracing of a similar leadership style among all EU countries. However, it is pertinent to evaluate whether a single style of leadership can be accepted and effectively satisfy all member states of the EU. To this end, the efficacy and success of a single type of leadership can only be achieved through proposals and appeal for acceptance rather than forcing it down on the member states. Moreover, in order to achieve negotiable leadership type, all the European leaders need to appreciate and consider the context of these countries. The rapid yard of internati onalization enhances the scope, size and types of organizations. Consequently, a rise in demand for day to day comprehension of world-wide businesses and cross cultural awareness. The benefit of singular leadership type is that it takes advantages of improves work and employee performance. Thus, it is paramount of EU leaders to be cross culturally, sensitive, adaptive and responsive when carrying out and delegating duties all ove national borders. The introduction of a unilateral leadership style also

Ethical Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical Case Study - Essay ensampleAlthough the act of Paige seems neutral since the negative consequences seem to be balanced out(p) by the confirming ones, even analysis of the devil confirmatory and the two negative out accrues suggests that the two dont weigh equal. The positive outcomes benefited only two wad i.e. Liz and Paige whereas the negative outcomes affected a lot of people i.e. the hotel as a whole and also, the woman and her child. In addition to that, although the grant of $50 note to Paige seems to be a positive outcome for her, yet that is bribery and has negative impact not only upon the whole society save also for Paige who would be held accountable for her act in this world or/and in the world hereafter. concur that Liz had remained a hardworking and loyal member of the staff and deserved special treatment, entirely not if that had to come on the cost of others peace. Therefore, the negative consequences of Paiges act outweigh the positive ones, so Paig es live up to was wrong. According to the third course of action, Paige could entertain granted Liz access to the get on, but with the condition that she would clear the room within a maximum of tenner minutes as soon as the expected node arrives. Doing this, Paige would have respected the hotels rules, cheerful Liz as well as the customer. So according to the functional theory, Paige should have granted Liz with conditional access to the room. The theory of honest hierarcicalism suggests that an positive person is more rich than a potential person (jan.ucc.nau.edu, n.d.). In light of this principle, at the succession when Paige was conversing with Liz, Liz was the actual person because she was in that respect and the woman and her child were... This essay discusses that although the act of Paige seems neutral since the negative consequences seem to be balanced out by the positive ones, yet analysis of the two positives and the two negative outcomes suggests that the two dont weigh equal. The positive outcomes benefited only two people i.e. Liz and Paige whereas the negative outcomes affected a lot of people i.e. the hotel as a whole and also, the woman and her child.This essay discusses that although the act of Paige seems neutral since the negative consequences seem to be balanced out by the positive ones, yet analysis of the two positives and the two negative outcomes suggests that the two dont weigh equal. The positive outcomes benefited only two people i.e. Liz and Paige whereas the negative outcomes affected a lot of people i.e. the hotel as a whole and also, the woman and her child.According to the third course of action, Paige could have granted Liz access to the room, but with the condition that she would clear the room within a maximum of ten minutes as soon as the expected customer arrives. Doing this, Paige would have respected the hotels rules, satisfied Liz as well as the customer. Paige should have granted Liz with conditional access to the room. The theory of ethical hierarchicalism suggests that an actual person is more valuable than a potential person (jan.ucc.nau.edu, n.d.). In light of this principle, at the time when Paige was conversing with Liz, Liz was the actual person because she was there and the woman and her child were potential people as they were expected but not there. Therefore, Paiges act of granting Liz access to the room was ethically justified. But another principle of the ethical hierarchicalism suggests that A complete person is more valuable than an incomplete person (jan.ucc.nau.edu, n.d.). Concluding, the course of action that is deemed excusable by both theories of ethics is for Paige to grant Liz with conditional access to the room.

MIH512-Demography and Health (Module 3-CBT) Essay

MIH512-Demography and Health (Module 3-CBT) - Essay ExampleAnother surprise the tack together Asian style govern ment family planning, specifically in china, will have on the age of the population. China is rapidly aging because so few children are being born.Another surprise is the gender imbalance. In nations where one-child policies are in place and there is a cultural preference for boys, the abortion of girl fetuses or infanticide of female children has led to a great disparity between the numbers of men and women. Added to this surprise is the event that the disparity among the educated and affluent in these countries is greater than that of poorer families that one would think would hold to a more(prenominal) traditional view of family.Mortality holds the second surprise for Eberstadt. Traditional thinking leads us to believe that increases in medical technology, advanced medicines and education on nutrition will lead to an ever-increasing manner expectancy. In Japan, ea ch(prenominal) new birth cohort can expect to live longer than the one before it. In m some(prenominal) places this is not true. In sub-Sahara Africa, the culprit is HIV-AIDS. But in places like Russia, the culprit is less exotic. Two-thirds of men in Russia are intoxicated when they die. Alcohol abuse alone seems to be accounting for Russia dwindling life expectancy among men.The final surprise is the anomaly of America. America does not seem to be trending in any of the ways other nations are. America is surprisingly, evening out among ages ranges. While places such as Russia and Europe will decrease in population and in world rankings, America will be holding its own if current trends continue.The health care system in my home country of the linked States will need to adapt to the changing demographics by learning how to deal with continued influxes of immigrants. The pictures painted by these surprises leads to the conclusion that places such a Russia and China could become

Case Study Healthcare Funding Policies Term Paper

Case Study Healthc ar bread and butter Policies - Term Paper Example5 whole kit and boodle Cited 9 Name of the Student Name of the Professor Name of the Course Date Healthcare Funding Policies INTRODUCTION HEALTH occupy POLICIES Presently, the costs of wellnesscare policies, intricacies in healthcare systems, cost challenges, and various new(prenominal) factors are responsible for the increase in the demand of the health care policies. Health decision making is vital to the growing economy as it ensures the welfare of the people and also has a profound squeeze on the socioeconomic, political, and cultural context. The different funding methods have different impact on the public health decision making and its way of choosing the regulatory mechanisms. The health care systems of varied nations are largely influenced by the guidelines prepared by World Health Organization (WHO). Similarly, the health care systems in the USA wrap up various regulations that are enacted by the US go vernment like Health Care and Education rapprochement Act of 2010 and Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The US government plans to impose further regulations for the benefits of the viridity people. Health care policies of the USA will be introduced in the study and its benefits to the common people. ... HEALTH CARE POLICIES UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE POLICIES The growing health concerns among the common people, regarding the health care system in varied nations have led to frustration. Situations like overcrowded emergency rooms, extra fees for health care facilities and non government maintenance for health benefits are also regarded as important health issues (Jackson). Apart from health care policies, which are largely influenced by the government regulations, the health care policy consensus group is a collaboration of organizations, which have in heed various points on the continuum and the spectrum (How US health care reform will affect employee benefits).The key fea tures of the prevalent health care policies are price consciousness, consumer empowerment, social solidarity, quality of healthcare, clinical autonomy, responsiveness, conflicts of interest etc. In the United Kingdom the health care facilities provided by the government are largely based on need and not the ability to pay. The National Health Services (NHS) provided by the government are uncaring and provide medical facilities worth ?2400 annually. The UK health care policies are designed to keep in the mind the age, sex, education, race, and class of the common people. The social and health care insurance is designed by the government safekeeping universality, price regulation, open enrolment, and a regular benefits package system. Universality includes compulsory insurance, which includes subsidization for the sick and sun-loving patients. Price regulation includes risk compensation for the insurers especially for the highly risk ensured (Singh & Kant 200). In the USA the healt h mechanism is given due consideration and is not regarded as a gift,

Management acounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management acounting - show Example220.5 (A) W7. Material M7 usage air division = ((2,100 ?0.68) 1,470) ?1.75 =?73.5 (A) W8. Direct push back rate part = (7.2 ?525) 3,675 =?105.0 (F) W9. Direct labour cleverness variance = ((2,100 ?14/60) 525) ? 7.2 =?252.0 (A) W10. variable quantity overhead disbursement variance = (2.1 ?525) 1,260 =?157.5 (A) W11. Variable overhead cleverness variance = ((2,100 ? 14/60) 525) ? 2.1 =?73.5 (A) Budgeted fixed production overhead = 497 ? 9= ?4,473 W12 Fixed production overhead expenditure variance = 4,473 4,725 = ?252.0 (A) Standard hours for certain production = 2,100 ?14/60 = 490 hours W13 Fixed production overhead efficiency variance = (490 525) ? 9 = ?315 (A) Fixed production overhead capacity variance = (497 525) ?9 = ?252 (F) b) Discuss how the consume(a) statement can assist managers in (1) Controlling variable cost Variable cost refers to operating expenses that vary in ratio to the occupation activity. Examples of variable cost acknowledge in our case include Direct material, direct labor and variable production overhead. Operating statement does assist managers in overbearing variable cost in the following ways. Measuring actual cost marks the beginning of domineering cost. This is followed by variance calculation that is meant to show the variation actual and budgeted/standard costs. Managers will be stipulation these reports on variances since they have got duty to use the report on the day to day running of the business (Riahi, 2001). The manager can use the report given to him to decide whether the ships company needs to take march of bringing actual costs back. The operating statements for our case will play a role in providing information to managers that helps in decision-making procedure (Coombs, et, al 2005). The statement helps in quantifying the effect of the difference in passel among actual sales and budgeted sales. This means that comparison between budgeted cost of the actua l output and the actual cost of the actual output will be made hence it helps to differentiate clearly between actual and planned performance. This helps management by exclusion because these mangers can now turn their energy on other important areas so that they can achieve the best results in relation to achieving actual performance. Variable costs do get affected in control terms during short period of eon hence an operating system for the previous month indicating variable cost variances will outline areas where the musical arrangement needs action (Coombs, et, al 2005). For instance, managers can improve labour efficiency using different ways e.g. by training or reducing staff actions that do not aid production process. For our case, direct labour efficiency variance of ?252.0, which is 7.2%, could be reduced. Direct labour variance is given by the difference between labour flexed budget and actual results. The managers can break this down into labour rate variance and labour efficiency variance. This will help the company know what they paid for hours they actually used in comparison to what they budgeted for (Coombs, et, al 2005). On the other hand labour efficiency variance will establish how much labour the organization used compared to what it thought it could have used. This can be illustrated from the analysis of the companys operating statement for instance we are given direct labour rate variance to be ?105 which is favorable according to Ash plc producers. On the other hand, direct labour efficiency variance in the same company is ?252 which indicates adversity in the running

Essay and Multiple choice Exam Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

And Multiple choice Exam - analyze Examplermance over a 6- to 12-month period, _____ ratings may result, especially if information has been stored in a raters memory harmonise to irrelevant, oversimplistic, or otherwise faulty categories. BEmployees represent the quality of service of an organization. Thus, the recruitment and staffing approach is such(prenominal) a crucial stage in filling in a particular position in the company. It could make or break the successful operations of the company. It is essential that every employee is the perfect candidate for individually job.In the case of hiring regional Managers for Baroque, Inc., it is important that a very careful and rigorous approach be applied during the selection process. Basically, this should consist of a series of interviews, science testing, background checks, employment verification, right to work, and health check evaluation. (Cohesive Technologies, 2011)The ideal candidate for the Regional Manager position must pos sess an excellent fashion champion and a vast knowledge of clothing line operation. It is important for the candidate to have passion for the variety of business he or she would be managing. He or she should be a people someone who knows the right approach for different personality types. He or she should have exceptional persuasive skill as well. Sales proficiency is an indispensable factor since this type of business is profit-oriented, which should be optimized considering the upscale temper of its target market.Likewise, the aspiring Regional Manager should have the legal right to work in the his/her field of battle of assignment. It is important that his/her connections with previous employers have ended properly. Thus, interview with a number of references should be conducted.Hiring a Regional Manager must focus on the totality of the candidate. Applicants may all have comparable skills, to the termination that their qualifications are almost of the same level. Thus, per sonality and attitude also count greatly.In every organization, in that location is a constant battle

Organizational resources and establishing competitive advantage Essay

organisational resources and establishing competitive advantage - Essay ExampleOn the other hand, it has been made exempt that not all organizations argon able to effectively develop their resources. Also, the continuous join on of competitor in the global merchandise is a factor that drive out negatively influence the childbeds of organizations to improve their position in the market using their resources and capabilities. It seems that in the long term, the transformation of organizational resources into a competitive advantage has to be c befully managed since the challenges in the internal and the external organizational environment are seeming to be galore(postnominal) as the conditions in the organizational environment become more hostile, under the influence of the global market pressures, the support that an organization has to provide to its resources has to be increased, otherwise their chances to become a competitive advantage are significantly reduced. At this poi nt, the following issue appears how an organization can secure that its resources will become, even in the long term, competitive advantage? It seems that such prospect cannot be considered as guaranteed, especially in industries where competition is high. This issue is further analyzed in the sections that follow using the literature published in this field. 2. Organizational resources and their use for the establishment of competitive advantage 2.1 How an organization can establish competitive advantage from its resources The appointment of the exact characteristics of competitive advantage in modern organizations is a challenging task. Researchers and theorists have tried to draw the criteria under which organizational resources can become competitive advantage, but the results of their studies seem to be contradictory. Most commonly, vehemence is given on the balance between the firms strengths and weaknesses, as the specific relationship can also affect the firms opportuniti es and threats. The interaction of the above sectors in the context of organizational fruit is reflected in the SWOT analysis framework. The above framework is based on the view that firms that are likely to emphasize on their internal strengths and control their weaknesses are more able to face environmental threats, a fact that can help them to develop competitive advantage towards their rivals (Barney 1995). However, the terms under which the specific effort would be successful should be further explored. Indeed, even if effectively organizing its internal environment and if it tries to avoid major(ip) market risks, a firm has still to face the threat of an unexpected downturn if there are no other strategic alternatives in place, as for example strategic alliances with other firms that control an definitive share of the relevant industry. On the other hand, Peteraf (2006) noted that there are certain conditions that can increase the potentials of an organization to develop a c ompetitive advantage. These conditions could be described as follows superior resources (heterogeneity within an industry), ex post limits to competition, imperfect resource mobility, and ex ante limits to competition (Peteraf 2006, p.179). It is assumed that organizations that seek to develop a competitive advantage should focus on the particular conditions. This view can be criticized as of the lack of explanations regarding the potentials of these conditions to exist in all

European States in 18th century, The French Revolution Assignment

European States in 18th century, The French Revolution - naming ExampleThere was an attempt to sharp-wittedize the monarchial system and its laws. In France, there was a dilution of the monarchy, followed by the French Revolution, whose Jacobin program saw the end to church power, and changes in the metric, financial and legal systems, based on rational thought and the ideal of social equality. Enlightened Politics, for the most part, was manifested in Enlightened Despots in Europe, whose power be not on divine right, but on the necessity of orderly g everyplacenment for the welfare of the people. Frederick the vast of Prussia introduced greater religious freedom, spurred economic improvements and codified the legal system. Joseph II of Austria also embarked on state-sponsored improvements and curtailed the powers of the Catholic Church.In the eighteenth century, the industrial Revolution saw Britain emerge as a global power, with distinctive advantages over the continental stat es. A major factor was British success in building up whopping colonies, particularly in the East and West Indies, and North America, which provided goods for trade with continental Europe and also a market for domestic goods. The stability of overseas trade was guaranteed by Britains naval power, which prevented war-time disruptions, unlike France. state growth and urbanization, and rising standards of living led to increased mass consumption and encouraged mass production. In contrast to the ancien regime and feudal structure prevalent in continental Europe, Britains prosperous midway class participated in the political and economic system. An emerging democracy and the curtailment of absolute monarchial influence over property promoted economic growth. Britains transport network was more advanced than that of the continent. This facilitated the cheap transport of the products of the Industrial Revolution. Britains Agricultural Revolution converted small family land holdings, o r

SPCA Fundraising event Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

SPCA Fundraising pillowcase - Coursework ExampleThe activities associated with the SPCAs three divisions require significant funding in order to ensure all told policy initiatives are fulfilled in an environment where the rising costs of supplies, labor and general trading operations continue to rise. Currently, the SPCA is witnessing depleting of available funds and diminished donations from the community due largely to budget cuts inside local anesthetic and subject governments and citizen apathy toward providing critical monetary donations to the organization. Concurrently, competition from legacy charity organizations and emerging non-profits are add to lack of available funding for the SPCA as these organizations compete for charitable donations. If the SPCA does not radically improve its procurement of critical revenues, it is projected that the organization will have to downsize its labor force, restructure the organization, and abandon many national political platform s designed to foster anti-cruelty initiatives that service the organizations mission goal.The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals mustiness fund a wide variety of different activities and programs to achieve the organizations mission successfully. This includes financial support for the following activities and facilitiesIn addition to the above support divisions requiring financial funding, the SPCA maintains a grant program which proffers to various non-profit animal welfare organizations, rescue groups and animal shelters. In 2013, the SPCA provided over $17 million in grants for organizations that service the SPCA mission goals. However, with depleting available funds and reduced donations, it is projected that the SPCA will be forced, by 2015, to drive out its grant program which will significantly impact the ability of various animal welfare organizations to provide Americas animals with the care and assistance required. The national impact of the current econo mic situation within the SPCA could

Dog Fighting Essay Example for Free

Dog Fighting EssayFights amidst two or more carnals have always been popular spectacles. Dog flake is one and only(a) of the most in- servicemane types of animal mercilessness show up there today unfortunately brand bulls have been caught in the wrath of it all. Dog strifeing is an animal abuse issue. Pit Bulls happen to be the breed most utilize in drop back fights. But if Pit Bulls did not exist, computer-aided design battle would still take place. There is no defunctness the blood lust of human kind.Brutality against animals in the form of staged matches or fights between animals or horizontal between man and animal is an activity almost as old as man himself it was in existence long before the Pit Bull. History The original, old-time attack was used for all manner of stock-related work, particularly as a catch dog used by the despatch to manage unruly bulls, and by the hunter for help in catching and holding wild squealer and other game. The sport of bull b aiting became popular in England, having arisen from these functional jobs that the bulldog performed for humans.The modern bulldog breeds descended from these dogs and those re-created through breeding programs include alapaha blue blood bulldog, the Statesn bulldog, aussie bulldog, banter bulldogge, English Bulldog, cut bulldog, Olde English Bulldogge, Olde Boston Bulldogge, and Victorian Bulldog. All of these breeds have kept pixilated to the original type and traits of the antediluvian bulldogs, even when adapting to their local living conditions (Luca, 2010).Pit Bulls atomic number 18 descendants of the original English bull-baiting doga dog that was bred to bite and hold bulls, bears and other large animals around the face and head. Bulldogs were bred to hang on without psychotherapeutic their grip, until the animal was exhausted from fighting and from loss of blood. When baiting large animals was banned in the 1800s, people thusly started to fight their dogs against eac h other instead (ASPCA, 2013). Treatment. With fighting Pit Bulls, they be raised in an environs that reinforces and maintains fighting behavior.All fighting dogs atomic number 18 conditioned from a very early age to fix what dog-fighters refer to as gameness. The scope and method of training varies dramatically depending on the level and experience of the dog-fighter. Dogs argon run on the treadmills to increase cardiovascular fitness and endurance. Dogs atomic number 18 put on a manmade instrument is called a cat mill or jenny also. Jenny Apparatus that looks like a pleasure ground horse walker with several beams jetting out from a central rotating pole.The dogs argon chained to one beam and another small animal like a cat, small dog, or rabbit, is harnessed to or hung from another beam. The dogs run in circles, chasing the bait. Once the exercise sessions are over, the dogs are usually rewarded with the bait they had been prosecute (Gibson, 2005). People that so called tr ain pit pulls for fighting will also have a recant hanging down from a pole to which a rope, tire, or animal hide is affixed that the dogs suffer to and dangle from for extended periods of time.This strengthens the jaw muscles and back legs. The same effect is achieved with a simpler spring loaded tool hanging from tree limbs. A variation of the spring pole is a hanging cage, into which bait animals are placed. The dogs repeatedly lunge up toward the cage (Gibson, 2005). Granted these people think they are real dog trainers, they will take care of the dogs health to a certain extent. Dogs are presumptuousness vitamins, improvers and drugs to condition them for or to incite them to fight.Commonly utilized vitamins, supplements, and drugs include iron/liver extract vitamin B-12 Magnum supplement hormones weight-gain supplements speed steroids and cocaine. The dogs are trained against one another and against older, more experienced dogs. In the early stages of training, the dogs a re incited to lunge at each other without touching and engage in quick, controlled fights called rolls or bumps. Once the dogs look match ready, they are pitted against stronger dogs to test their gameness or tenacity in the face of enervation and impending defeat.If the dogs pass the test, they are deemed ready to fight. Types of Dog Fights All across the country, humans abuse dogs in heinous ways. From nonchalant, impromptu street fights to the large-scale organized matches held on a regular schedule at set locations, dog fighting still occurs every day. Most law enforcement experts divide dog fight activity into three categories street fighting, hobbyist fighting and professional activity. Street fighters engage in dog fights that are informal street corner, back alley and playground activities.Stripped of the rules and formality of the traditional pit fight, these are spontaneous events triggered by insults, turf invasions or the simple taunt, My dog can kill yours. Street fi ghts are oft associated with gang activities. The fights may be conducted with money, drugs or bragging rights as the primary payoff. There is often no attempt to care for animals injured in the fight (ASPCA, 2013). Some of the dogs are thrown out the car on the side of the road, left to die. Worst case scenario the dogs are killed immediately with a close range shot from a gun to the head. Hobbyist fighters are more organized, with one or more dogs participating in several organized fights a year as a sideline for both amusement and to attempt to supplement income. They pay more anxiety to care and breeding of their dogs and are more likely to travel across state lines for event (ASPCA, 2013). Last but not least Professional fighters. Who would even label themselves as a Professional dog fighter? People do Professional dogfighters often have large numbers of animals (as many as 50 or more) and earn money from breeding, interchange and fighting dogs at a central location and on the road.They often pay particular attention to promoting established winning bloodlines and to long-term conditioning of animals. (ASPCA, 2013) Punishment and Prevention Dog fighting, despite its felony status in all 50 states, is still a grave concern to animal advocates. Although the Michael Vick dogfighting case, and his recent release from berth detention, have focused the national spotlight on dogfighting cruelties, dogfighting has long been a thriving underground fabrication across the country in both urban and rural areas (society, 2011).Those who make dog fighting a pit bull issue do the dogs a grave disservice. A new bill in the Senate would outlaw spectators willful attendance at organized animal fights and impose penalties for bringing a baby bird to an animal fight. This bill has bipartisan support (society, 2011). The Federal Animal public assistance work on prohibits the interstate rapture of dogs for fighting purposes. A pending federal bill, S. 382, would c reate the Animal Fighting Prohibition Enforcement Act of 2005.The Act would amend the unite States Code, making it a crime for any person to wittingly sponsor or exhibit an animal in an animal fighting run a risk if any animal in the venture was moved in interstate or foreign commerce. Additionally, it would be unlawful for any person to knowingly sell, buy, transport, or deliver, or receive for purposes of transportation, in interstate or foreign commerce, any dog or other animal for purposes of having the dog or other animal participate in an animal fighting venture.Finally, it would be a crime for any person to knowingly use the mail service of the United States Postal Service or any instrumentality of interstate commerce for commercial speech promoting an animal fighting venture except as performed outside the limits of the states of the United States. Penalties for violations of the Act would include a fine, up to two years imprisonment, or both. The Act would repeal any conf licting provisions of the Animal Welfare Act (Gibson, 2005).If a person sees or suspect dog fighting they should not hesitate to report the owner to the authority. Conclusion These dogs are VICTIMS in every sense of the word. Exploited, abused, and tortured for human gain, Pit Bulls are innocent beings caught up in a tragic societal issue. The American pit bull has two powerful enemies the humane groups working for his extinction, and the modern dog fighter who are producing dogs of dubitable genetics and characteristics while keeping them in negative headlines.Dogfighting is tremendously widespread and has reached epidemic levels in Americas urban communities. The devastating impact of social, economic and racial injustice in these communities that are expose to such cruelty to animals. Are just the tip of the ice berg? Americas finest good minds, political activists and social advocates have painstakingly dissected the culture of poverty in an attempt to take in the disproport ionately high rates of crime, drug use, and social deviance in inner-city communities (Gibson, 2005).

Henry VIIIs Foreign Policy 1509-1524 Essay Example for Free

hydrogen VIIIs Foreign indemnity 1509-1524 look forHow far do germs 1, 2 and 3 suggest that Henry VIIIs Foreign Policy in the old age 1509-1524 followed consistent aims?Source 1 agrees that Henrys did follow consistent aims and Henry VIII had ace remainder physical object in his foreign policy whilst sources 2 and 3 especially, argues that Henry still could not agree one goal to pursue involving foreign policy.Source 1 in particular claims that Henry poured much loyalty and time into ensuring that England went to war against France. The king writes letters to the pope, the emperor and the Venetians declaring his steadfast intention and strong provision to profit war against France suggesting that Henry VIIIs main goal was to attack France as he repeats his exact intentions to trio divert individuals. This is reiterated in source 2 as Henry VIII is described to be accompanied by 500 horsemen and 3000 foot soldiers during the Field of Cloth of Gold showing aggression a nd building tension in the midst of the two rivals suggesting that King Henry was keen in causing tension so that it will spark advance to waging a war against France.We can see King Henry strongly suggesting that he consistently precious to defeat the French as he writes to the Venetians to try and disband the newly formed league amid Venetia and France. As the Milanese ambassador is writing at the time these letters had been sent he carries alot of freight with Source 1 as it clearly states the purpose of the letters and they lead to one clear goal which is to invade France. Source 3 shows Cromwell trying to persuade Henry to go against his plans to take over France but to redirect his attentions to Scotland. Cromwell suggesting that Henry converts first and chief his whole intent and purpose suggests that Henry was so discipline to wage war against France he did not think about other issues to do with his Foreign Policy and Cromwell needed to remind him of budding problems.H owever Source 3 also suggests that Henry was lenient in his decisions about foreign policies as, even though Cromwell at this time is trying to work his way into the inside council and was desperate to gain the attentions of the King, felt the King was not so desperate in going against France that he was able to suggest the King redirects his attention to Scotland whilst still pleasing the King and trying to achieve honour. Source 2 also suggests that the King was not so rivalled with France as a contemporary account shows that Henry pitched his marquee near where the French king had been staying, although this could be seen as showing off and is motley it can also be seen as Henry trying to break down the existing barriers to accent on the celebration of the Field of the Cloth of Gold.Overall, there is enough agreement in all three sources to suggest that Henry VIIIs foreign policy in the years 1509-1524 followed consistent aims. This is a view nigh strongly and optimistically supported by source 1, slightly confirmed by the accounts described in source 2 but largely denied by source 3.

Total Quality Management Essay Example for Free

Total theatrical role Management EssayConcept of leadersLeadership is a process whereby an individual influences a ag company of individuals to achieve a common goal. Though there is no universal definition of leadershiphip and thence many countersigns have been devoted to the topic of leadership, Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal. James Mac Gregor Burns describes a leader as bingle who instills purposes, non one who controls by brute force. A leader strengthens and inspires the followers to accomplish shargond goals. So leadership requires an intuitive understanding of human nature- the basic needs, wants, and abilities of people. It helps leaders read them on the right track. So leadership should be based on the following concepts 1) People, paradoxically, need security and indep decisionence at the equivalent time. 2) People be sensitive to external rewards and punishments and yet atomic number 1 8 also strongly self-motivated. 3) People wish to hear a kind word of praise. Catch people doing something right. 4) People can process totally a few facts at a time, thus, a leader needs to keep things simple. 5) People religious belief their gut reaction more than statistical data. 6) They dis organized religion the leaders rhetoric if the words are inconsistent with the leaders actions.Characteristics of Quality LeadersThere are 12 doingss or characteristics that in(predicate) feature leaders demonstrate 1) They give priority attention to external and internal customers and their needs. Leaders level themselves into the customers shoes and service their needs from that perspective. They continually evaluate the customers changing requirements. 2) They empower, rather than control, their subordinates. Leaders have trust and confidence in the performance of their subordinates. They provide the resources, training and hammer environment to help subordinates do their jobs. H owever, the purpose to accept responsibility lies with the individual. 3) They emphasize correctment rather than maintenance. Leaders use the phrase If it isnt perfect, improve it rather than If it isnt broken, dont fix it. There is incessantly room for good, even if the improvement is small. Major breakthroughs happen but its the little ones that keep the continuous process improvement on a despotic track. 4) They emphasize prevention An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of repossess is certainly true.It is also true that perfection can be the enemy of creativity. We cant always wait until we have created the perfect product. There must(prenominal) be a balance between preventing problems and nonplusment better but not the perfect one. 5) They encourage collaboration rather than competition. When functional areas, departments or work groups are in competition, they may find subtle ways of working against each other or withholding information. Instead, there must be coll aboration among and within units. 6) They train and coach rather than direct and supervise. Leaders know that the development of the human resource is a necessity. As coaches, they help their subordinates learn to do a better job. 7) They learn from problems. When a problem exists, it is treated as an opportunity rather than something to be minimized or covered up. What caused it? and How can we prevent it in future? are the questions quality leaders ask.8) They continually try to improve communications. Leaders continually disseminate information about the TQM effort. They make sure that TQM is not just a slogan. Communication is two way- ideas will be generated by people when leaders encourage them and act upon them. 9) They continually demonstrate their commitment to quality, that is they just do what they have committed to do. They flip their talk- their actions, rather than their words. They let the quality statements be their decision making guide. 10) They choose the suppli ers on the basis of quality, not price.Suppliers are encouraged to participate on project teams and become involved. Leaders know that quality begins with quality materials and the true measure is the life cycle cost. 11) They establish organizational systems to support the quality effort. At the precedential level, a quality council is provided, and at the first-line level, work groups and project teams are organized to improve the process. 12) They encourage and bump around team effort. They encourage, provide recognition and reward individuals and teams. Leaders know that people like to hear that their contributions are appreciated and important. This action is one of the leaders most powerful tools.The Seven Habits of highly hard-hitting peopleHabit is an intersection of knowledge, skill and trust. Knowledge is what to do and the why skill is the how to do and desire is the motivation or want to do. In order for something to become a drug abuse one must have all the third. Stephen R. Covey introduced The Seven Habits- a highly integrated approach that moves from dependency (you repulse care of me) to independence (I take care of myself) to interdependence (we can so something better together). The first three habits deal with independence- the essence of character growth. Habit 4, 5 and 6 deal with interdependence- teamwork, cooperation, and communication. Habit 7 is the habit of renewal. Thats why, these habits are necessary for leaders to be effective. Habit 1 Be Proactive beingness proactive means taking responsibility for your life- the ability to choose the response to a situation. Proactive behavior is a product of conscious choice based of values, rather than reactive behavior, which is based on feelings. activated people let circumstances tell them how to respond. On the other hand, proactive people let cautiously thought-about, selected and internalized values tell them how to respond. Its not what not what happens to us but our response t hat differentiates the two behaviors. No one can make you miserable unless you choose to let them. The language we use is a corporeal indicator of our behavior. Comparisons are given in the table belowHabit 2 Begin with the end in mindThe most fundamental application of this habit is to begin each day with an image, see to it or paradigm of the end of life as the leaders frame of reference. All things are created twice- theres a mental or first creation and a physical or second creation all things. To build a house we first create a convention and then construct the actual house. If we want to have a successful organization, we begin with a devise that will produce the appropriate end thus leadership is the first creation and management is the second. Leadership is doing the right thing and management is doing things right. In order to begin with the end in mind, leader should develop a personal philosophy like-* Never compromise with honesty* Maintain a positive attitude* Exerc ise daily* Do not fear mistakes* Read a leadership book dailyBy centering our lives on correct principles, we create a solid foundation for a the development of the life supporting factors of security, guidance, wisdom and power. Principles are the fundamental truths. They are tightly interwoven thread running with exactness, consistency and strength through the fabric of life.

Examinations Essay Essay Example for Free

Examinations strain EssayCertain forms of rhetoric may seem homogeneous they atomic number 18 set in concrete, but this is not true. The 75 construes essays The Plague, Once More to the Lake, and Talk in the Intimate Relationship His and Hers ar denominate as a archives, a description and an rendering respectively. The essays are much like human beings in that, labels are no more than mere words that help divide them into certain categories that they only kind of hold into.The lines that divide essays into their categories are fuzzy line a misty morning in that a level may also be an exposition. The essays from 75 Readings do not have to be labeled so strictly for they apprise be viewed as any opposite form of rhetoric. An example of a narrative that could also be an exposition would be The Plague written by Barbara Tuchman. Expositions contain a process, an example, and advisevas/contrast. The Plague shows a process with the succession of the black plague.Tuchman charts out how the plague spread across Europe. Examples are common in expositions, such as when Tuchman says, In Siena, where more than half the inhabitants died of the plague, work was abandoned on the great cathedral, planned to be the largest in the world, and never resumed, owing to loss of workers and master masons and the melancholy and brokenheartedness of the survivors (Tuchman 28). There is also a definite compare and contrast, in which Tuchman compares and contrasts the different ways the plague cause different parts of Europe.Like how in Paris, France the nuns of Hotel Dieu tended the sick without fear of dying themselves while in Piazza, Sicily priests did not attend church to hear their flocks confessions because of their fear of death. As with The Plague, the essay Once More to the Lake can be labeled as another form of rhetoric. Once More to the Lake written by E. B. black-and-blue is labeled as a descriptive however, it could also be labeled as a narrative.A nar rative must have, at least, a point of view, characters and a logical disposition. The point of view is in the first person, the story is told from the narrators point of view, On the journey over to the lake I began to wonder what it would be like (White 42). White also uses characters, mainly the narrator, his son, and the narrators father. Another aspect of a narrative is a logical arrangement Whites logical arrangement follows the narrators thinking process. As the narrator switches amidst real while nd memories, we the readers follow his thinking process just as we would with the logical arrangement of any other narrative. Sure this form of logical arrangement is slightly confusing and difficult to recognize memory from humans and possibly suggests that the narrator has the beginning stages of Alzheimers or perhaps simply a few in any case many hits to the head. Finally, the essay labeled as an exposition, Talk in the Intimate Relationship His and Hers, by Deborah Tannen, can also be a seen as a description.A description is known for its logical arrangement, sensory(prenominal) language, and objective or subjective perspective. The logical arrangement in this essay follows the different scenarios with dialogue between two individuals, one male and one female. One example of logical arrangement that Tannen uses would be the scenario where Sylvia and atomic number 1 are celebrating their fiftieth wedding anniversary and there is an issue with the cake. Tannens use of sensory language in the fiftieth anniversary scenario is subtle at best.There is just enough there to provide a scene for each scenario that Tannen uses. The essay has an objective perspective, since Tannen analyzes the conversation from the view of a scientist, to whom nothing is personal. From 75 Reading the essays The Plague, Once More to the Lake, and Talk in the Intimate Relationship His and Hers, are more commonly labeled as a narrative, a description, and an exposition. These essa ys must not be labeled as an exposition, a narrative and a descriptive, respectively.This does not have to be so. Much like a castle made of Legos, everything is interchangeable within the forms of rhetoric. Like how The Plague is not only a narrative but also an exposition while, Once More to the Lake is not simply a description but a narrative, and Talk in the Intimate Relationship His and Hers cannot just be labeled as an exposition but as a description too. Forms of rhetoric are almost always interchangeable, like jewelry to a woman.

Law Enforcement Agencies Essay Example for Free

Law Enforcement Agencies EssayIdentify three federal law enforcement agencies. Roles and responsibilities and comparison of local anesthetic and suppose law enforcement duties, functions, and their two main differences.The duties, functions, and responsibilities of Local Law Enforcement agencies are as follows They are required to savvy law violators, perform routine patrol, investigates crimes, enforce traffic laws (including parking violations), provide crowd and traffic suppress for example parades and other huge public events. Today they also have duties much(prenominal) as acting the duties of coroners, tax assessors, tax collectors, keepers of county jails, court attendants, and executors of criminal and civil processes, as well as law enforcement officeholders. The duties, functions, and responsibilities of verbalise Police Agencies are as follows patrol small towns and state highways, regulate traffic, and have the primary right to enforce some state laws. They a lso carry out many duties for local police agencies, such as the managing of state training academies, criminal identification systems, and crime laboratories. Some of the differences between the state and the local police are as follows State police cooperates with an assortment of law enforcement agencies such as local police, the highway patrol, and park or forest rangers. Really the differences between a sheriff and a police officer vary slightly from state to state, which sometimes lead to confusion.Three federal law enforcement agencies are federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Drug Administration or Agency (DEA), and the Alcohol Tobacco Firearms (ATF). The FBI is a threat-based, give-and-take driven national security organization, their principal investigative arm of the U.S. Department of Justice and a large member of the U.S. Intelligence Community,(FBI 2010). These agents are dedicated men and women of the DEA are working hard to investigate and chit the traffickers o f the dangerous drugs. These agents also help keep our schools and neighborhoods safe and secure.The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) seeks to reduce alcohol smuggling and black cigarette trafficking activity, divest criminal and terrorist organizations of monies derived from this illicit activity and significantly reduce tax revenue losses to the States, (ATF 2010). These agents are also reducing violent crime, and enforcing the Federal explosives laws and regulations. These agents are working to enforce Federal firearms laws and regulations. every these agents whether local, state or federal work together to protect the United Sates residents from all criminals activities.

The Aim of Creating Suspense and An Unsettled Atmosphere Essay Example for Free

The Aim of Creating question and An Unsettled Atmosphere EssayMacbeth is thought to be one of Shakespeares greatest tragedies due to the unique and outstanding plot. Act one, scene 3 is an important scene as it delegates the transition between Macbeths two personalities from heroic and noble to ambitious one of the plays mains themes. The three witches feature in this scene this is why it is important to make out an unsettled atmosphere with the use of stage techniques. Speech techniques are to a fault employ, prose is spoken by lesser important characters. Whilst other types of speech are used to lay out the attributes of the main characters, such as And the precise ports they blow, all the quarters that they know. The use of rhyming couplets with the witches apprizes an incantation and gives the impression of supernatural or sub-human beings. During this scene the witches prophesize Macbeths future, state him, Hail thee thane of Cawdor, Hail thee who shalt be King her eafter. This creates unbelief and introduces eth audience to the plot and main themes associated with the play. Additional suspense is created by the actors behaviour on stage and the use of uninfecteding and scenery.William Shakespeare wrote Macbeth to flatter King James I between 1603 and 1607. King James I was a profound witch hunter and was considered an expert in witches and the supernatural. In the Jacobean era people were very frightened of witches they were indeed thought to be not like the thinhabitants oth earth. Macbeth would have been performed at the Globe Theatre, because it is an open theatre it would have to be performed in daytime this meant language and acting would have to be used to create suspense. Modern theatres would use special effect and lighting creating an unsettled atmosphere. During the reign of James I people were scared of witches and genuinely believed in a sieve Ill thither sail. Modern audiences know witches dont exist, but they are willing to suspend their doubt.In Act one, scene three the three witches prophesize to Macbeth that he will become Thane of Cawdor and King hereafter. Macbeth and Banquo are dazed at this information, Macbeth is already thinking somewhat murder whose murder yet is but fantastical. Rosse and Angus break Macbeth that he is Thane of Cawdor thus proving the first part of the witches prodigy right. This is a iniquity scene, it maybe early morn suggested by so foul and fair a day I have not seen, to suggest this stage would be backlit in dim blue.The lack of light increases the tension. Little scenery would be used this allows eth actors to move more freely and this means that the movement of the witches could be synchronised showing they are one. The dark light makes the audience focus on the subject, flashing white lights suggests thunder and lightning, audio effects could be used to create a thunder clap, and this is a prophetic fallacy, reflecting the devilish of the witches. To sugges t the blasted heath wind sound effects will be used. The effects help the audience suspend their disbelief in order to communicate with the play. The witches would be lit with red, because Banquo exclaims, What, can the stupefy come up to true. Red is associated with the devil and could link the witches with the paranormal, thus creating suspense and fright with the association of evil.The witches play a key role in act one, scene three. During this scene they violate their supernatural links using rhyming couplets and talk of glide in a sieve but in a sieve Ill thither sail. To relegate the theme of being inhuman, they could chant in a monotonous tone. During the scene, the witches act as one, they are signify with each other and often pronounce consecutively. The line The weird sisters hand in hand, suggests that they are soused to show this their proxemics and orientation will suggest intimacy. The faces of the witches should be white to reflect the red spot light this s hows the link between the witches and the devil.They should wear black cloaks and move close in swooping motions to suggest them being bird-like. Macbeth says Into the air, and what seemed tangible Melted as breathe into the wind the witches should fly off stage to suggest melting into the air. When the witches speak, thither should be no transparent accent, but they should speak softly and flowingly. The witches use rhyming couplets such as Ill drain him dry as hay, Sleep shall neither night nor day, to suggest an incantation, in meeting of minds with this the soft flowing speech should enable the audience to detach from reality and create a distinct boundary between the human characters and the inhuman witches. The witches act together in my stylised interpretation of the script. When they prophesize about Macbeth they speak consecutively, All hail Macbeth Hail thee thane of Glamis .All hail Macbeth Hail thee, Thane of Cawdor.All hail that shalt be King hereafter. This shows h ow the witches interact with each other, to stage their relationship they should laugh or cackle together, as if eth prophecy is a joke.Macbeth and Banquo had been fighting in a battle, so they would be tired and haggard from this, he also may be injured, for this reason Macbeth should walk on with his arm around Banquo supporting himself to show the injuries and to show immediately they are twain close friends. They would also be slow looking up enquiring about the weather, so foul and foul a day i have not seen. As they fancy the lights should turn blue as the red lights would create a false image of Macbeth and Banquo. Because they come from a battle in which Macbeth has showed himself to be like valours minion, they would be wearing blood stained armour which reflects both his nobility but also his blood thirst which is revealed in the latter part play. They will be talking very informally, showing they are close friends. To emphasise Macbeths change in personality when he fin ds out about the prophecy, whose murder is yet fantastical, the lights should turn red again. This creates contrast and adds the suspense.Through this scene there is tension between the witches, Banquo and Macbeth. Banquo and Macbeth dont know who or what the witches are what are these, For this reason Macbeth and Banquo would be stood together forward from the witches, to suggest they are frightened, they should have their hands holding the hilt of their swords. Their bloody language should subtly show the audience they are unnerved by this. Their shoulders should be hunched, their eyes open wide and looking around tentatively.When the witches reveal the prophecy it is a dramatic in the play, Banquos line That he seems rapt withal, suggests that Macbeth is motionless because of this dramatic news. To really articulate and dramatize this moment, flashing strobe lights could be used in conjunction with thunder sound effects. This relates to the scene setting Thunder. Enter three wi tches. The thunder is a metaphor for the evil of the witches. To show Macbeths gust at the prophecy, a spotlight should concentrate the light on Macbeths face. This will direct the audiences attention to his nervus facialis expression. The actor playing Macbeth should keep still and have his mouth open slightly, this is to create an effect of astonishment and develop the audiences emotional understanding of Macbeth.From line eighty eight to the end of the scene Macbeth delivers soliloquies intermittently. These soliloquies reveal Macbeths inside thoughts and feelings, he says I thank you gentlemen. He is revealing that he believes the prophecies to be true. The soliloquies focus on Macbeth so the lighting of the other characters should be dimmed to show Macbeth is not talking to them. The soliloquies are important because they show Macbeths ambition swelling up inside and the excitement, The greatest is behind, to show this Macbeth should pace the length of the stage in deep tho ught. Before Macbeth delivers his soliloquy, Rosse and Angus inform Macbeth that he has become Thane of Cawdor as the witches prophesized. Unlike the witches, Rosse and Angus speak in blank verse, thus showing their importance and that they are close to God. In contrast the witches dont speak in blank verse, this shows there alignment with the Devil.Shakespeares uses a variety of linguistic techniques to show the ambition of Macbeth and the evil of the witches for example soliloquies, rhyming couplets and prophetic fallacy. The importance of characters can be shown using blank verse and iambic pentameters, but how the play is staged has an impact on how people perceive the characters and understand them. Lighting could be used to suggest personality and scenery, the witches lit in red suggests evil and blue is a inert color suggesting good. These techniques help the understanding of the play and ultimately suspend disbelief.

Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night Time review Essay Example for Free

suspect Incident of the Dog in the Night Time review EssayPlotChristopher Boone lives with his father in a village. His mother died when he was younger from a heart-attack and the dad was left alone with the challenge of facts of life an autistic child who does non respond like a normal child would. The father has particular(a) money and mental stimulants for the child and does his best to hold back his frustration. However, the reader soon learns that Chris has not been told the round truth and perhaps that the people he loves have a hidden past. He then begins to generalize what has happened and Mark Haddon portrays the challenges he is faced with without the constant safeguarding he needs to feel secure. My ThoughtsI understand that this volume is renowned and took the book sales by storm managing to pick up Best novel and obligate of the Year at the Whitbread book awards in 2003, but I do not find it at all appealing. I find myself unable to sympathise with Chris des pite Haddons brilliant depiction of the pass of a child with autism, as Haddon does writes convincingly through the eyes of an autistic child.I do not think that this is a book that revolves around Asbergers but instead about being different in general and Haddon is trying to make us see the ground through a different lens. He just uses Asbergers as a averages of conveying this. Furthermore, as Chris is very rational yet unemotional, there is no depth of character in the novel as Chris is only able to see the world through one plane and cannot build up good character depth, which most popular books have, eg. provoke Potter and The Lord of the Rings. This direct approach also means that there is no gratify apart from the main reoccurring joke of how Chris responds to things which lands im in all sorts of faux pas, (and the novelty of this soon wears off). However, this does not mean to say that I do not understand why it is so popular it just isnt something that really enraptur ed me, and to be honest, it seemed like a waste for a storyline that had the potential to be so rich in dramatic emphasis to be written in such a simplistic style. I have given it two stars but the average for this book is a quaternion/five. RecommendationsIf you liked this book I would strongly recommend these as they are both written in a diary style and are about people who do not necessarily picture the norm. The Diary of Adrian Mole (4/5)Molesworth (5/5)

Terminal Course Objectives Essay Example for Free

Terminal Course Objectives Essay assumption an exercising of the need to increase productivity in a workplace unit, such as a department of a large corporation, analyze the impact of cultural diversity on team building in the workplace, and formulate strategies for facilitating cooperation among members of a culturally diverse work group. spot ConceptsDefine bias, prejudice, discrimination, and ethnocentrism. strike the impact of ethnocentrism on inter personalized relationships and communication. Develop strategies for expanding aware(predicate)ness and down the stairsstanding of people from diverse cultures. Engage in the process of determine clarification for self-assessment and learning to promote tolerance and betrothal. Evaluate strategies for effecting behavioral change to avoid stereotyping and cultural prejudice.Given a simulated situation where a qualified minority candidate is denied employment based on the hiring managers cultural prejudice and practice of dis crimination, correctly assess the situation and recommend intervention strategies to correct the situation. Key ConceptsDefine stereotyping, racial/cultural profiling, and marginalization. Discuss personal situations in which bias, prejudice, or discrimination warranted intervention. Identify the personal impact of individual, organizational, or societal inequalities. Plan personal and organizational strategies to overcome bias, prejudice, and discrimination. Identify strategies to promote acceptance of people from diverse cultural backgrounds. Examine potential sources and misinformation relating to stereotyping and racial profiling, including the media.Given a situation in which an urban neighborhood is experiencing conflict due to increasing cultural diversity of residents, integrate critical intellection and decision-making skills in preparing a personal plan for developing cultural competence. Key ConceptsDefine cultural competence. notice personal strategies and skills neces sary for cultural competence. Discuss strategies and practices essential for cultural competence at the organizational level. Identify learning that is necessary for societal cultural competence. Discuss current research findings relative to cultural diversity.Assignments meter readingIntroduction to reason and Managing Diversity (p. xii xvi)Section I. arrangement individual perspectives of diversity.Diversity Awareness prove (review exercise)Thriving in a Multicultural ClassroomThe Emotional Connection of Distinguishing Differences and ConflictSection II. Understanding primary aspects of diversityThe Coca-Cola Company Then and NowOptional Section V. Managing diversity Ethical, legal, communication, and marketing issues. morals and Diversity Legal Applications in the WorkplaceAssignmentLets Be Lefties for a DayThis assignment is intentional to shift your viewpoint just a bit and hopefully help make clear what it is uniform to be different from the mainstream of society, as wel l as how the perception of normality is based on how intimatelyyou resemble the majority of people. There are two concepts at work. One is institutionalized discrimination, in which groups or categories of people are placed at some level of disadvantage by the normal personal manner that society operates. The other is the fact that we can learn to appreciate that differences do matter and that becoming aware of those differences will make interactions with others much easier.Spend a morning living in a terra firma that is designed for someone else. Heres how Hold a ping-pong thud or a similar purpose in your right slide by (left if you are a lefty) and then slip a sock over it and tie or tape it in place. Keep your fingers folded around the ball inside the sock and examine to go about your normal activities. The two main things you want to avoid are letting the ball live out of your closed hand and getting the sock wet.Most of us are right-handed, and this should bestow you some sense of how much of our daily activities revolve around that fact. When you must work your left hand rather than your right, things seem to be a bit awkward, dont they? If you want a real example, try to use a wall-mounted pencil sharpener, open a bottle of wine with a corkscrew, or turn the pages of a book. Are lefties at a disadvantage? Go price a set of left-handed golf clubs. Naturally, left-handed people have adapted to the right-handed world to the extent that most are ambidextrous.Lefties, what did you get from this? Did your life become just a bit easier?Your assignment is to write a brief two- to three-page undertake paper, double-spaced, on the importance of understanding cultural, ethnic, and gender differences by managers and professionals in a business setting. Connect your observations and ideas to the materials and readings cover so far in the class. Dont forget to include your experience with the ball and sock experiment in your paper, and be sure to relate the experiment to the importance of understanding diversity and applying this knowledge in the workplace. cheer follow APA formatting requirements for this assignment, including a title page, and proofread to be sure that you have no recite or grammatical errors.Submit your assignment to the Dropbox located on the silver tab at the crimp of this page. For instructions on how to use the Dropbox, read these step-by-step instructions or watch this Dropbox Tutorial.See the political program section Due Dates for Assignments Exams for due date information.Course ProjectThere will be a Course Project for this class. The final paper will not be due until Week 7 however, you will have additional graded deliverables during the course. Please visit the Course Project section under Course Home for complete details.DiscussionsIntroduce yourself to your instructor and to the rest of the class (not graded, but required) You Eat What? (graded) some(prenominal) of My Best (graded)Lecture topi csWhy Understand Diversity? Institutional Versus Ideological Understanding Understanding Ourselves, Understanding Others The Challenge Ethnocentrism Study Tools

The conduct and preparation of lessons Essay Example for Free

The conduct and supply of lessons EssayRead the previous chapter and the chapter youre on. If short on date, read only the first and concluding paragraph indite questions deck about the subtitles. Ask them to the teacher if they arent answered during the lesson Examine images carefullyWrite bug out new words and c at oncepts filter out to induce a connection to the previous lessonDuring classOn each page of notes leave a space on top (for a summary) and a attitude bar to add an outline later Copy every sample-problem, with wholly the intermediate steps situation bog ideas/concepts, images and leg force outs and all that is repeated Do not worry about presentation, just hold in your notes miniskirtmalist correct if it takes up more paper Ask questionsAfter classFill empty vagrant in your notes and clear up doubts ASAP Use your personal system of processing info to work up it (do you ilk flashcards, plain notes?) Try to connect new info with previous experienceWrite do wn the summaryThink what the purpose of this lesson was which formulas were applied and to which problems? Add the outline to your notesThink up aditional questionsTry to rifle a head start on your homeworkRead again the chapter in study and do it roleplayively (underline, want questions and clear) and relate it to your homework StudyBefore getting started make sure you turn in all you needThe hours you have pre-designated for study must be sacred (video games and outing with friends should be re-scheduled to your impec rottert clock) Learn things ONCE by asking the question why? repeatedly until you truly understand shit No multitasking with symphony or TV (do what works vanquish for you further I work best in complete silence of lyric-less upbeat music in a low volume)Organize knowledge in webs where concepts connect instead of boxes where they are by creating connections with pictures and trial runples. If needed, force it with a stupid metaphor Do not go study ha ve specific tasks you want to accomplish give care solving a list of 5 problems or reading one chapter. Put a deadline on it too lucre attention to the environment before you start is it right? Examine furniture, supplies and noise. You orduret concentrate right in a wobbly chair break away over the same content in different ways read, fiat, summarize Rewrite your notes in small sets for easy reviewingStudy in small chunks of meter with breaks (pomodoro?)When in break, get up, move and be social cod mini-guides with the answers to all the questions about a definite subject. It makes for easy reviewing Make a formula guide/sheet for each courseAt the end of each study session review, ask stuff, read, read aloud, test yourself about it Or just read, rescript and read what you wroteVerify your dominion over a theoretical fact by stating it, explaining why and connecting it with opposite ideas.List a typical problem featuring it and how it stand bys resolve it Break it down in simpler and simpler terms until you can explain to someone who doesnt know shit about it standardized an arts major or something reenforcement in mind the forgetting curve and schedule review sessionsaccordingly. Repeat each content the sidereal day m itself, the following day, week and month. This means each day you should review stuff you were taught yesterday, rifle week and shoemakers last month AssignmentsMake a list of goalsPlan how youll get to themReverse engineer your dates, use something like http//planner.bulibtools.net/ Ask the teacher to clarify any question about the assignment asap Gather all the info you canResearch itOrganize all the info you have into chapters or themes before you convey Write in two phases innocent writing with no edit and careful editing, leaving at to the lowest degree 24h between stages Deliver a good looking version to the teacher, even if you need to rewrite it Look for feedback before the deadline if possiblePresentationsInclude slides for presentation, outline, a section title and a summary in the end Keep the slides tidy and simpleTalk to the audience, dont readKeep heart and soul contact, ask for questionsReadingWhen reading take notes, make small summaries, ask questions Make yourself a mini quiz and answer it at the end of each chapter ProblemsStart the re reply of a problem asapRead the instructions twice, the whole thingReduce it as much as possibleWhat it the principle they want you to apply?What do you need to find? Name themWhat to I have? List given data and formulaeMake a scheme, legend it, name all variables, given data, units used and whatnot If you cant go on on your own, reread the relevant chapter first and your notes on it too Try by yourself first before asking for help from a teacher or older school-age child Start with the easy tasksOn a difficult problem, do all you can. When stuck, try to identify why. Ifyou even-tempered dont know how to unstuck yourself after a break, ask for h elp Verify if your solution is plausibleVerify your resolution, solution and unitsLater on, remake by yourself every problem you needed help with Practice with real problems as much as possibleAt the teachers regionGo remove doubts you haveMake specific questionsVerify your progressBring suppliesThis isnt a classAsk for feedback about your self-made testsAt homeBefore going to sleep, review your day (study and self-evaluation) Plan tomorrow with tasks and times, be attentive to priorities and energy levels Pick your clothes for tomorrowVerify your calendar for important stuff coming upKeep a to-do listEstablish a cut complete hour for work after which you are no longer productive. For me its 22 or 10pm Keep your shit mostly organized so you can find whatever you need slow Before tests/exams (madness week)Start early, 2 weeks early if neededMake a set of compressed notes, exploitation your mini-guides and notes Check your progressAsk for help now if you need itReview your homework problems (remake them?)Make a list of themes you need to studyMake sure of what you can do in the available time be equal parts realistic and ambitious Solve previous exams, make your own and solve themAsk the teacher for help with your sample testsSolve more problemsGive all the subjects a once over before theres only a week to the exam. Then you can ask for help before everyone else is too. Diversify your study,all disciplines/courses each day for the same reason Define the exam how long it lasts, what do you need to bring, how much its worth to your grade, content being evaluated, place The iniquity before quick review of related content, make your backpack including a snack and water, go to kip down early and avoid sugar During tests/examsBring 2 pencils and pensAvoid caffeineGet there 15 min earlyHear the instructions given verbally very carefullyWrite down your name and read the whole thing (twice) before starting Start with the easy onesShow all your work, no step is too s mallScheduleKeep your self in the loop by scheduling reading in your downtime. Include a magazine relevant to your field like a science journal Leave unornamented hours to fill when an urgent assignment comes up or an exam, and extra hours for fun too Check if the time you are dedicating to academia is enough for your success Block off mandatory study time for each course per week. Use it to study, do homework and generally keep up with the program Include at least two extra catching up hours in the week.If youve been good with the rest, it will mostly be free time but use it to finish last details on an assignment or something Evaluate the value that extra-curricular bring to your life compared to how much time they take up Schedule a weekly hour as a review time review your previous week and plan the next, paying attention to deadlines Work daily at least 9 to 5 like a real job. This should make sure every night is free and with no pending work MotivationStudying is not a race, i ts more like a stretch before one Success is a skillStick to the planMake checklists to stick to the planDont aim to outshine the brightest (yet), outshine the average student Work until your idols are rivalsWhen in downtime think which the best use of your time is. Learn something Goals arent easy but they shouldnt be eitherYou may regret it along the way but dont complain boot camp is hard Dont fight the system learn it and make it work for youDont be a problemRespect your leadersRespect is earned, slowly, keep your cool idolise motivates, panic paralyzes. Dont panicDo not wait for inspiration. Take responsibility and actMake goals clear, simple and ambitiousAnswer the three magical questions what to I want? What will I do to get it? What am I willing to give up? Youre in control, everDo small tasks to earn motivationPersonalGain energy without caffeine bright light, movement, musicConnect with people share info that interests THEM, ask that to other people (maybe even introduce them), tolerate help, dont ask for anything yet Later share more info to their interest (or even to their family), introduce two contacts of yours, invite them to interesting FREE event Avoid heavy foods and studying almost lunch (zzz)Try themed weeks in your down time to research and learn about stuff that interests you like photography or survival tricks On vacationReview goalsStart projectsEnjoy restKeep your mind in shape (read)Study something you like/loveGet ready for the next assault

Socio-Psychological Study of Personality Essay Example for Free

Socio-Psychological Study of personality EssaySocial psychology and disposition psychology have the same job to seek to understand the meaningful, consequential, and for the more or less part amicable styles of daily life. cognitive psychology examines comp whizznt processes such as memory, perception, and cognition. biologic psychology seeks to understand the physical underpinnings of style in the anatomy, physiology, functional organization, genetic basis and evolutionary history of the nervous system. Developmental psychology explores the roots of behavior in genetics and early childhood experience, and changes across the life course. All of these subject atomic number 18as could be sceneryed as foundational for the common concern of sociable and spirit psychology, which is to understand what population do every day. In this light, it is expected that courses in social and write up psychology argon among the most popular offerings on most college campuses t heir composition matter is not further important, it is soulfulness anyy relevant and intrinsically interesting.This division of labor makes a certain(p) amount of sense, but problems arose as the fields gradually became so specialized that many practitioners of each field became unaware of the basic principles, findings and methods of the other(a), and grew worse when social psychologists began to suspect that mortalality psychologys furiousness on case-by-case resistences was misguided. In his memoirs, the eminent social psychologist Roger Brown described one memorably awkward tackle between the two traditionsPersonality PsychologyPersonality can be defined as an privates characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior, together with the psychological mechanisms hidden or not behind those patterns (Funder, 2007). The ultimate stopping point of somebodyality psychology is to explain every mortal from the inside out. The mission includes describing, measurin g and explaining how people differ from one some other, uncovering the conscious and unconscious thoughts and feelings that drive behavior, and predicting what people depart do in the future, among other goals. But this mission has one problem it is im practical. The complete study of the individual encompasses too many considerations at once to be feasibly pursued by investigators with forgiving limitations of time and intelligence.The Basic salutees to Studying Personality biologic ApproachThe biological memory access to studying personality searches for the organic roots of individual differences using anatomy, physiology, genetics, and evolutionary theory.Anatomy. Research boil downing on anatomy attempts to draw brain structures that play a role in various personality singularitys. For example, inquiry using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has shown that shy people, compared to people described as more bold, respond to pictures of unfamiliar people with bi lateral activation of the amygdala, and to pictures of familiar people with activation on just the left side of this organ (Beaton, Schmidt, Schulkin, Antony, Swinson Hall, 2008). The challenge for the next generation of interrogation will be to use these intriguing findings to illuminate aspects of personality that were not previously apparent, and to outline psychological processes and interactions among them that are not detectable from overt behavioural data alone. Modern imaging technology offers a theoretical promissory note that will someday be paid but, to date, remains to be cashed.Physiology. Biological question on personality also addresses physiology, examining biochemicals (neurotransmitters and ductless glands) that might be associated with individual differences in behavior. Dopamine and serotonin are widely studied neurotransmitters. Research suggests that dopamine is involved in the experience of reward and the documentation of behavior (Blum et al., 1996), wh ile serotonin plays a role in emotional regulation and feelings of well-being (Knutson et al., 1998). The hormone testosterone has received considerable attention and appears to play an important role in sexual behavior and assault (Zuckerman, 1991 Dabbs Morris, 1990, respectively). Cortisol, the well- bonkn fight or flight hormone associated with anxiety, fear and aggressive response, appears to be surprisingly deplorable in shy individuals (Beaton, Schmidt, Ashbaugh, Santesso, Antony, McCabe, Segalowtiz Schulkin, 2006). But it also is low in people high on the trait of sensation-seeking, so the situation, as always, is complicated (Zuckerman, 1998).Behavioral Genetics. Behavioral genetics and evolutionary psychology both focus on the inheritance of individual differences in behavior. For the good and the bad, we are more similar to people with whom we constituent more genes (e.g., our parents) than fewer genes (e.g., our cousins). We look like our parents, we are more belik e to have high riptide pressure if our parents do, and we even have an IQ level similar to our parents. Behavioral genetics extends this knowledge and studies the read/write head Are those who are more genetically similar (e.g., monozygotic twins) more similar in personality compared to those who are less genetically similar (e.g., dyzygotic twins)? Decades of research has established that most and perhaps all personality traits are heritable to some degree. Indeed, one authoritative researcher seriously suggested that the first law of behavioral genetics should be everything is heritable (Turkheimer, 1998, p. 789). Genes matter, to at least some degree, to any psychological outcome and for sure any personality trait.Evolutionary Psychology. Evolutionary psychology studies behavioral patterns proposed to have been adaptive during the development of the gentle species. It assumes that behaviors that are common to humans (a) have a genetic basis and (b) increased the likelihood o f excerpt and/or duplicate during evolutionary history. The more a behavior helps an individual to survive and reproduce, the more likely the behavior is to be genetically transmitted, and therefore, appear in subsequent generations. Evolutionary psychology has oddly pore on variation in sexual behavior between males and females. It is commonly hypothesized that gender differences in behavior that are still present today exist because, in the history of evolution, the behaviors that increased the likelihood of reproduction for males were different from the behaviors that increased the likelihood of reproduction for females.Psychoanalytic ApproachWhile biological research seeks to identify the specific physical foundations of behavior and personality, the psychoanalytic approach often operates on a level of around metaphysical abstraction one that, nonetheless, leads to unique insights and, on occasion, testable hypotheses. Psychoanalysis seeks to understand personality at the deepest psychological level and takes on the unique challenge of explaining what is going on in the hidden and sometimes blasphemous recesses of the human mind. From a psychoanalytic perspective, personality is shaped by early childhood experiences and behavior is in conclusion memorised by the outcomes of unconscious processes and conflict. The psychoanalytic approach focuses on constructs such as the unconscious mind, self-denial mechanisms, attachment, and ego-strength.Humanistic ApproachThe humanistic approach was originally based on an even less scientific tradition than psychoanalysis. Early pioneers, such as Carl Rogers (1951) and Abraham Maslow (1987), believed that personality is a special entity that cannot be studied dispassionately from a distance. They argued that unlike rocks and trees, people can perceive, think, and feel, and this fact makes the study of people basically different from other sciences and more exhausting than is usually acknowledged. The humanis tic approach proposes that the key to understanding behavior requires appreciating each individual from his or her own unique perspective. Humanism is also different from the other approaches in that it focuses on human strength, growth, and well-being, rather than human weakness.Humanistic psychologys core concern with how people construct their views of globe is echoed in cross-cultural research, which involves understanding the ways in which people from different cultures may have fundamentally different views of the world.Learning-based ApproachesClassic behaviorists ignore concepts like happiness and construals of reality because their approach strictly dictates that they study only that which can be directly observed. Behaviorism is a learning-based approach to studying personality and it places heavy emphasis on overt behavior and the rewards and punishments in the environment that condition individuals to behave in certain ways. From this perspective, personality is simply t he behaviors that an individual performs as a result of environmentally imposed rein makement contingencies.Cognitive ApproachThe cognitive approach, which evolved from and overlaps with the social learning theories, focuses on perceptual processes, thoughts and beliefs, and motivational processes that form the basis of personality and behavior. single way of conceptualizing personality traits is to think of them as dimensions along which people think and perceive information differently. For example, one person might have the disposition to have positive thoughts more readily accessible, whereas another person might have the disposition to have negative thoughts more accessible.Trait ApproachThe trait approach to studying personality places individual difference constructs (i.e., personality traits) front and center. According to Allport (1931), traits are psychological mechanisms that determine peoples responses to stimuli. He believed that traits motivate and organize an individ uals behavior and knowing an individuals traits requires observing his or her behavior repeatedly. Such honoring will reveal the consistent behavioral patterns from which the underlying psychological mechanisms can be inferred.From this perspective, traits are like gravity. Gravity is a concept that describes the force of attraction between objects and explains a wide fly the coop of astronomical observations (e.g., how planets orbit the sun). Similarly, traits are psychological concepts that are used to describe individual differences in behavior and give coherence to a wide range of psychological observations. Nobody has ever seen either gravity or narcissism directly, but perhaps their nature can be discerned from their effects.Behavioral Assessment of PersonalityThe foundation of empirical personality psychology is the observation of behavior the only way to examine a personality construct is to propose a behavioral manifestation and then observe it. This is true regardless o f the nature of the construct, which, as we have seen, might be anything from stimulus generalization, to rejection-sensitivity, to self-esteem, to conscientiousness, to gender identity. The scientific study of personality rests on the following simple reflection P B. A researcher might theoretically view P as causing B, or view P as a summary of B, but the method of study remains the same.Single TraitsWhen a researcher develops a personality test that measures a single trait, the trait is usually one that that seems particularly important and a huge effort may be made to explore all possible implications. The traits that receive this kind of attention vary over the years, for reasons that may be less than clear. Some traits appear to become well-known and widely researched because they address a social issue that seems particularly important at the time.Multiple TraitsOther widely-used personality tests measure a large number of traits at once. The many-trait inventories are typi cally used to examine the many possible psychological characteristics that are related to an important behavior or life outcome. For example, the California Adult Q-set1 (CAQ Block, 1978, 2007 Bem Funder, 1978) consists of one hundred descriptions of specific psychological attributes (e.g., Is critical, skeptical, not easily move Is a genuinely dependable and responsible person).Essential TraitsFinally, some personality research is motivated by the research Which personality traits are the most important? Currently, the most widely accepted answer to this question is the voluminous Five. The Big Five represent the culmination of more than a hundred years of research aimed at reducing the many possible personality traits to an essential few (Galton, 1884 Thurstone, 1934 Allport Odbert, 1936 Cattell, 1943 Fiske, 1949 Tupes Christal, 1961 Norman, 1967 McCrae Costa, 1987 Goldberg, 1990 Digman, 1990). Research on the Big Five traits is based, in part, on the lexical hypothesis (e. g. Goldberg, 1981), which proposes that anything truly important to human life will be labeled with language. This idea suggests that the most important personality traits will be encoded in language. Therefore, researchers extracted trait-adjective words from the Oxford Dictionary and factor analyzed ratings of them, many times over, along with scores on a stack of personality inventories.Beyond Self-reportAlthough self-report questionnaires have traditionally dominated the literature and probably deserve credit for having contributed most of what has been learned about personality, they entail two major disadvantages. First, people may sometimes be nonvoluntary to reveal undesirable aspects of their personalities. Second, people are not always aware of every aspect of themselves. some(prenominal) studies suggest that people rate themselves higher on socially desirable characteristics (e.g., trustworthiness) and rate themselves lower on undesirable characteristics (e.g., lazine ss).Person Perception and truenessThe way that an individual is perceived by others is highly consequential. composition determines the opportunities that others will make available to the individual and the expectations they will hold. A person with a good reputation will be trusted and find that other people like him or her a person with a bad reputation probably not get the job that he or she wants, not attract his or her love interest, and be generally disliked. Moreover, a people tend to live up or down to their good or bad reputations because they tend to behave in ways that defend the expectations of others (Rosenthal Rubin, 1978 Snyder Swann, 1978). The study of how people perceive one another is a major research topic in social and personality psychology (Macrae, this volume). It is called person perception research within social psychology and accuracy research within personality psychology and the difference in labels is more than superficial. The two research paradi gms are based on fundamentally different philosophical perspectives, focus on different aspects of social perception, and are studied using different methodologies.Person PerceptionPerson perception research in social psychology is based on social constructivism, in the sense that it treats the views people have of one another as mental constructions, a property of the social perceiver rather than of the person who is described. Therefore, the focus of person perception research is on the cognitive processes that underlie the construction of impressions.Accuracy ResearchAccuracy research within personality psychology follows a fundamentally different strategy. It is based on critical world (Rorer, 1990), a philosophical approach which asserts that the best way to assess a judgment is in terms of multiple fallible external criteria that probabilistically indicate the degree to which it is a true reflection of reality2.Methods of Accuracy Research. The primary methodology involves c omparing multiple sources of information about a person in instal to evaluate the degree to which a personality judgment is accurate. For example, if Person A is judged to be high in extraversion by his or her acquaintance, we can evaluate this judgment by comparing it to Person As self-judgment of the degree to which he or she is extraverted, to direct observations of Person As behavior (e.g., does Person A talk more than others?), and to relevant life outcomes (e.g., does Person A successfully engage in an occupation that requires being outgoing and energetic?). Accuracy research differs from person perception research in that the typical study uses real people as the target of judgment and gathers personality judgments from people who know them in real life along with other indicators such as self-judgments, behavioral observations and life outcomes. competitionAlthough the accuracy and person perception paradigms differ in many ways, they are potentially complementary. It is no t difficult to imagine an interdisciplinary effort that combined social cognition and accuracy research into one monstrous theory that ultimately explained how people perceive one another. However, deep philosophical and methodological differences between social and personality psychology have stood in the way of this integration.Towards a Cooperative Social-Personality PsychologyThe most effective way to consider situational and personal variables is as interactional partners. This view was operationalized in Lewins (1936) well-known formula B = f (P,S), which explicitly defines behavior as a function of the person and the situation. This equation implies that if we knew all of the relevant psychological properties of a person and all of the relevant properties of his or her situation, we could predict with high preciseness what the person would do.